System of electric distribution.



v. G. APPLE, SYSTEM 0F ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION. V

APPLICATION FILED IULY 22. I9I2.

Patented Mar. 2T, 1911.

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V. G. APPLE.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC DISTHIBUTIUN.

APPLlcATloN F|LEn1uLy22.1912.

Mwm a V. G. APPLE.

SYSTEM QF. ELECTRIC DISTBIBUTIDN.

Arrumon FILED luLY 2z, 1912 4 1,220,165. Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

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SYSTEM 0F ELECTRiC lsTmBuTloN.

APPLlCTION FILEDVIULY 22.19l2.`

1,220,165. Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OF DA'YTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOB TO'TEIE APPLE ELECTRIC COMPANY, F DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION QFOHIO.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC DISTRIliU'I-Inw To .all-whomz't may concern.'

Be it known that I, VLNCENT G. APPLE, a `citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton,` in the county of Montgomery and 5,` State of Ohio', have invented certain new and l useful Improvements in Systems of AElectric.Di-stribiition, ot which the followf.; `infgisa specilication.

Aly invention relates to systems o1 electric '1'0- distribution.

Une of the objects of my invention is to provide a system of electric distribution especiallvadapted for ax'ltomobiles, motor boats, andthe like. driven by internal comflvfvhustion engines. whereby the engine thereof may be easily. and quickly startedgthe vehir-le lighted and the spark for igniting the compressed fue-l charge in the cylinder of such engine, provided. -()th and further and more specific objects-of. luy-'invention will become readily apparent, to persons skilled in the art, from a consideration of the following description -when taken in conjunction with the draw- 9.2 5 l ings, whereinu y Fzgure, 1, 's a diagrammatic representation oli the circuits at the time when the switch isturned` to position to cause the dynamo electric machine to act as a motor in l3 0 conjunction with a storagebattery, to start the engine;

Fig. lis an eind view of a switch, showingr the respective positions of the roc-king I bladesand `the stationary' coacting clips for accomplishing this result; l y ".Figrf is'a fragmentary side view ofthe A"saine:

Engl-l shows the connections, as when l:fthe dynamo is used for charging the storage position or the controller s itchI blades and clips at this time;

-` Figi `Gis asdiiigram similar to that shown in Fig. l, showing connections effected by the .2: operation of the controller switch as when I 'the batteries .alone are used lor lighting the :vehiclen' l v Y `hows an end view of the respect-ive Fig. shows the ."posilions of theswitch blades and clips at4 4..150 thistime: u y y 4 Fig. S'shons'zill of the cli-cuits of the s vs- 'Y temmopen. which momentarilyobtains at a is made from series to .tiiiiefwhen a s parallel ronnectnmr` Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

Fig. 9 slows the position of the controller `5h switch blades and clips at this time.

In all tha views the saine reference characters indica e similar parts. i 1n the present exemplication for carrylng my invention into effect I provide 15y cells of st )rage batteries of approximately 2 volts each, having a dilference of potential, when connected in series, of 30 volts, and I group these cells into independent batteries, each comprising 3 cells making five groups of 6 volts for each group, when the sai'd batteries are connected in parallel relation or 530 volts when connected in series.

-The batte-ries are indicated by reference letters A, B, C, D, and E. Each of the battery terminals are connected to two sets of stationary switch clips, those on 'the right hand side Qeing indicated b v a, a', b, l1', fr, c', (Z, e, c', f, and f. while those on the left j hand side are indicated by 1n. n, o. p, q. r( s, t, u, r, T and a?. Two clips on the right hand side. and two `on the left handside are not direct .y connected to the batter;Y terminals.

B v re'fe vring to Fig. S. in which all of the circuits are open. it will be observed that each of tie battery groups is independent l from all t f the other groups and that when the switc'i is in open circuit position. as shown in this figure. there is no connection between any two of the groupsjthisl condition occurs. as heretofore stated. at a timo when the blades of the switch are rocked to change from starting to runningposition and vice "'ersa.

The fied magnet ot the dynamo electric machine is provided with twofeld magnet windings. Gr is the slnmtwindingr which -is connecled across the armature terminals and H is the series winding which is in series. with the armature. when the dynamo electric machine is' actin,f r as a `generator. These two windings 4arc magnetically opposed to each other so. that tendency toward increase if rurrcntaii-the series' winding. will. b v t.ec1'ez\sii1} r thc fii'ld magnetism. operate the 'eby to decrease thiI electro-motive force b v the armatunl oi thc dynamo. and b v this moansl the output ol' thildynamo is held in r icrk to some exlrnl and when usrd in conne( tion with another moans to la horoinai'lol' described. tho rulrrnl l'roln tho |l namo ral never be in excess oi thal required.

switch, as shown or gram the blades and .matically represented, but they aresupposed "to bear the same relation to the moving 1n- J is a switch contained in the ignition controlling circuit. for controlling the ignition apparatus 1. This circuit is adapted to be closed by an independent supplementary other apparatus, before the engine can be started or become selfpropelling by the operation of the batteries, in accordance with the circuits shown in diagram` Fig. 1.

This specific `feature of" my invention is4 fully described and claimed in acopending application filed by methe 22nd day of July. 1912, and identified by Serial Number 710.865. t

Fig. 2 shows a controller switch having a plurality of blades adapted for engagement 'with a corresponding number of clips and adaptedto -be rocked from a common axis for engagement with separate sets 'of clips located on each side thereof. In the diaclips are diagram- 'st rumentality that the blades in Fig. 2' are shown to bear thereto.

This specific construction of the controller switch. as indicated in Fig. 2 for carrying the present invent-ion into eiiect, is fully described and specifically claimed in a copending application filed by me the and the motor, or dynamo electric machine,

and L F, indicates-the lighting fuse,- or the fuse, that connects the lighting circuits to the main circuits of the dynamo and of the batteries.

Prior tothe act Iof starting the engine, by means of the dynamo as a motor, by. the operation of the bat-teries, theswitch J, in the controlling circuit, must first be closed. In my Lopending application this switch is controlled' bythe vlever which is used to retard and advance the spark of the engine, and preliminarily to starting, this spark 'lever must be placed in such position as to retard the spark as a condition precedent to the operation of the engine when the electric motor has turned it over, or rotated its main shaft a su'fiicient number of timesI for it to become self propelling.

Aft-er the switclJ has been closed, the controller. is rocked, o'n its axis sothat the blades,` unl-the ,left hand side, A make contact with their;- 'respective clips, with exception of blade 60, which is broughtlfinto adownward position and breaks contact with its clip, for a reason to be hereafter described. By closing the circuits,with'theblades on the left hand side of the diagram the groups of batteries are placed in series circuit with regard to each other, andthe entire electromotive force of thecombined batteries is ap,A y

l Sthdayl of August,l 1912, and identied by Serial plied tonie dynamo, which then become a motor. The circuit follows: From E plus, which is the positive terminal of the batteries in series, over the wn'es 1, 2, 3, at, G, to the positive terminal D of the dynamo electric machine, to the brush through the armature A to the brush 8 over the wire 9 .and through the series field winding H, in a direction opposite to that in which the current would pass when the dynamo is actin as agenerator, tothe negative terminal o? the dynamo D2 over the wires, 10,11, 1 2, 13', 14, 15, to the clip ae through the blude 16, 1T, through the blade 18 to the clip fw, and in like .manner over the wire-19 to the negative terminal -of the battery A, through the battery A, and thence through the succeeding switches and batteries, in the same manner, until arriving back. to the oint E plus. This completes the circuit of all of the batteries in series through the dynamo electric machine armature' A and the lseries field, and makes a motor of will be rotated on' account of the reversal of current in the series winding, in the same direction in which it is turned by the engine, and will thereby drive the engine until the latter becomes self propelling.

The heavy draft of current from the batteries at this time, tends to decrease their electro-motive force slightly and during the process of starting an extra hot spark is desirable: I therefore include a greater number of batteries in the igniting circuit than arerequired during normal running.V The' igniting circuit may now be traced as folbattery E, over the wires 1 and 2, the wire L10 and through the fuse, L 'F, over thewires 11, 42,43, 44th-ro`ugh to the primary/coil of the igniting device, over-the wires 45, 46, and 47, through the supplementary switch J, over the'wires ,48 a'nd'lt), to the clip im, through the switch bla'de- 50, the wires 51, and 52, to the cormecting-return wire 52L as at 54, 55, up to the wire 56 thence to the blade 31, over iles-32,l blade '33,- lwire 31 to the negative.' terminal of the battery D, and throughthe-battery D and E in serie thus providing current, under 12 volts electro-motive force, forthe primary of the ignitinflr coil device, at' time of startin It will therefore be seenv that Airvhlle the batteries may operate the dynamo electric machine as a motor, which in turn rotates theengine shaft, the controlling circuit for the igniting device, must first be closed, as by switch J, before the engine can/become self pro elling. v

By re erring to Fig. .6, 1t wlll be observed that the lighting circuit-.is permanently consl A nected to the terminals E plus and E minus mayl then be traced as.

connecting Wire teries are switched from series' to parallel relation.

y shown in Fig.` y1this circuit isthen closed This specific feature 1s @muted y my ,opending application referred to heretofore, and is not the subject ot any of the claims of the present application.

The current that passes through the series field windingH gives the armature A' of the dynamo lconsiderable more turning torque than it would have if the field was energized only by the usual shunt winding. I therefore cut the shunt winding, entirely out of circuit, when the dynamo electric machine is being used as a motor, and pass the whole current through the series winding in such a way that the armature will revolve in the same direction that it revolves when operating as a generator and when energized by the shunt winding'G.

When the engine becomes self propelling, and the dynamo is then driven thereby as a generator, it is desirable to have the. dynamo charge. the storage-batteries and furnish current for; the associated apparatus. l therefore, turn the rocking switch member into the position as shown in Figs. L and 5. In this position'the dynamo is charging the batteries and furnishing current for the sparking apparatus and for the lighting system, and for other purposes for vhicliit may be required, and at the same time the urrentjs being held in check by the differential'action of the field winding in conjunction with an intermittently acting electro-magnet or relay, marked "cut-out.

In rotatablyr connecting the dynamo elec tric machine-with the engine I so arrange the speed relation, that when the dynamo is.

being driven as a generator by the engine, at the highest attainable. speed of the latter under normal conditions of operatlon, the

'currentgenera-ted will not be excessive to Such "'aitexten'tras tobe injurious to theapparatusfand I provide additional means to reduce the current lvalue at any and all speeds autol'natically operable when the `batteries have become charged, or charged up to a. given pointgf'or which the automatically operable devicemay be ad]ustcd. This feature will be fullv described later on.

In the ositions indicated, in Figs. l and it will e observed that the switch blades i on the right hand of the axis of the rocking switch member aren, contact .with their respective clips, or battery terminals, and that all of the switches, on the leftof the axis of the rocking member, are open, with the exception of the switcl: blade 60, which is in contact with the terminal n.

The direction of from the dynamo, operating as a generator under this condition instead of a motor as previously, and the :u1-rent will then flow from the positive ,ple kD', of the dynamo, pass over the wires, 6, 5, 4,3, through the fuselM F, wire' to wires 2, 1, 105', to the` positive terminals of all of the batteries, E,`

D, C, B, A, thence through yallof the batteries in parallel and over the wires 105, 103, '100, 97, and 94, to the clips e, rl, c, b and a, respectively, over theswitch blades 106, 104. 101, 98, and '95 to tle common return wire 52a and from the win v 52", over the blade 107 to the clip f, over the wire 7S', to the Wire 81, over the wire 82, lo the armature M, and since the armature is closed, in the positior shown in Fig. 4, through the contacts N and O, over the wires 83 :,nd 84. to the relatively low winding of few turns L, of the cut-in :url-ent is now traced electrnniagnet, thente over-the Wiresy 68, 69,

12, ,10, 11, to the neg: tive terminalDof the dynamo, Aand through the-series wincfling H. in the opposite dii; 'fion to the flow of cu1- rent through the shrnt windiing (fir, so as to lm'lgneticallyI difieren tiate the shunt winding G, and thence to the armature of the dy# n namo, thus completirg the main circuit with all of the batteries ln parallel relation, as clearly evidenced f1 'om the diagrammatic connections shown.

lVhen the dynamo starts to generate Acnrrent, however, the ma in. charging circuit will remain open until the Contact between il' and O is first closed, which is done in the following manne-r Starting at the positive terminal of thedynamo D over wires 6, 5,

4, 3, 1, to the posit ,ve terminal of the battery E, from thence over the wires 58, 59, blade 60, clip n', over the wires 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, .through the relatively high resistance coil K, thenteover the wires 68, 69, 12, 10, 11, and through the series field wind ing H of the dynam) back to the ,armature` A. lVhen the cui-rmt passes through .this circuit it energizes the electro-magnet or ,cut-in relay, attracting thei armature M` thereof,closing cont lcts Nand O, thus establishing the previously traced,7or main circuit employed by thek dynamo When acting as a generator for clarging the batteries in parallel relation.

The dynamo, being positlvely and ydirectly connected to the engine is subject to great Y suiliciently energized to attract the armature' U, thus opening contacts V and W and cutto control the rise' of current within a given range.I The maximum currentfthat caribe produced b y the. dynamo of -m'y system' is not too great for economical utilization-.when the batteries need charging. After y'the hat) teries have beenl charged, to a predetermined degree, after which current of-,less' value may be used, the output ofthe dynamo isA materially reduced by an automatic .means consisting of the cut-out relay'which is responsive to the rise in voltage of'thebattery when the latter is substantially charged.

The coil 'S of this relay is directly across the terminals 0f the battery by Wires, 1,v 2,

' 75, 76, and the Wires 78",'79 and 80resp'ectively." When the battery is below its normal voltage sufiicientcurrent Will not pass through coil Sto attract its armature U against 'the retractile spring thereof and therefore resistance coil T, ofsaid relay, re- `l mains short circuited by the armature U at contacts V, W.

As Well known the voltage charging curve of a storage batteryrises suddenly, at the time when the battery is practically 'fully charged, and at this time the coil.S becomes ting resistance, coil T in series with the shunt field winding G of the dynamo thus reducingthe ampere turns of the field magnet and correspondingly reducing the current output of the dynamo. Then the volt-l age of the Abattery again falls below normal the armature U will be released and coil T Will be again short circuited and the current output of the dynamo correspondingly increased and thus the capacity of the 'dynamo is automatically controlled according to the requirements of the battery. i

I have shown a test lamp T L, the lighting of which is controllable by the armature M. Before the cut-in armature M is attracted, the contacts P and Q are closed thus indicating a dim. light, because the vresistance R is then included in series with the lamp T L. Asthe engine starts and speeds up the armature M is attracted in 4the manner above described and contacts P and Q are opened. The test lamp now showsn0 light, indicating that the. battery is being current is supplied by the .batteries only, and` to test the condition' of the batteries, the switch T, S, is closed. thus closing the circuit which traces as follows: from the positive. side of the batterv E. for instance. over the wires, 1, 2, 10, tothe lighting fuse L, vF,

the Wires 41, 42, 43, 110, test lampffrr..

wires 112,- 113, vT s, 114, 115, 116, bar-.kw the minus sidev ofthe batteryE. lVlen .the

-dynamd is v'operating as a generator, thetest light' will :bi1-rnasllon' `as Contact points P and' Q of tliegS-fcntin relay L vare .ingconta'ct .thus showlng the'dynamo hasfr'rot`r sutilclent voltage to cause attractionof amature -M. When Vthe dynamo isa'ctingas a. 'generator, therefore,'the lamp .T Ljacts as a telltale for the GUt-inWreIayffand shows the conditionof the dynamo.v I

In dlagram, Fig. v6, the dynamo circuits are not shown,\a`nd the batteries are in parallel re.lati on with :each other andthe igniting .circuit 1s brokemf-,by rocking the switch blades to an intermediate position, as shown in Fig. 7

In'this diagrarnthe lighting circuits are all shown to be open, but may be closed by a rotating switch Lconsisting of three conducti-xlig parts, 160, 161, and 162, the construction operation of said switch being more clearly apparent from thevabove mentioned feo-pending application. I shallfnot therefore describe the operation of this switch.

D, L, is a dash light which maybe lighted Aby means of the dash switch D, L, S. The

circuit through the dash light may be traced as follows: Fronrthe positive side of the batteries, over the wires 1, 2, 40, 42, 110, 117, through the dash light switch, D, L, S, over wires 119, 120, 121, 122, through the dash lamp D, L, over the wire 123, to the switch blade 112, through the conducting piece 160 of the rotatable switch, over the blade 125,

' through the wires 126, 12T, to the negative side of the battery.

While I have herein described in considerable detail 'my new system of electric-al distribution, it is apparent that considerable change may be made, from the specific showing, without departing from the spirit and scope of tlre'ap'pe1uled claims.

Having. described my invention, and what I desire to secure by Letters' Patent o f the Inited States is:

1.111 an electrical apparatus f orstarting an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of independent batteries` a dynamo electric machine, an igniting device, for the fuel charge of theinternal combustion engine, connections between the said battery. d vnamo. and igniting deiice. a switch for controlling said connections. whereby the said batteries ma)v be included in series relation. to operate the d vnamo as a motor to start the engine. a separate switch for controlling said igniting device only when the said batteries are in series relation with said dynamo and means associated with the first mentioned switch for. bridging the terminals of the last mentioned switch.

2. In an electrical apparatus for startingan internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of batteries, each comthree groups, to `which A'said batteries are connected, movable terminals divided intoY three groups, a `compound-Wound dynamo 'electric machine connected to the engine,

having a series 4field Windingand a shunt field Wmding,` means tor moving said mvlable switch terminals respectively to connect saidl batteries lin series relation with the ariiiature and series winding of the Vdynamo electric machine, to operate the dynamo as ay motor, and, alteinatiiely,for iconnecting said 'batteries' in parallel relation With' the armature and series fieldfwinding and Iwith the shunt lield winding, to .permit the d-ynamo to function as a diiierential generator,` a spark producing device, a separate switch- -for controllinl said s )ark )ioducinv' device, .b .e only when said first mentioned switch is in position for operatingtlie dynamo as a mocuits. are arranged for operation of the dy-' toi-,MV and means assor -d nfitliV the first mentioned switchfor "bridging the terminals ofthe last mentioned switch when ,the cirnamo as a generator. t

3.4 In a systen'ot electrical distribution, comprising a, ige battery, a dynamo electric machine for charging said battery and for .operation as a motor thereby, aspark producing"means, and `connections tor said instiiliiientalities in combination with means for increasing the difference of `potential at `the terminals of the spark produc- `ing means. when the dynamo electric machine is operating asaiiiotor.

' L In a system of electrical distribution, comprising iii part storage' battery, a dynamo electric machine for charging said battery and for operation as a motor thereby, a spark producing means, and connection with a. switch for changing ther-elution of said` battery and :lynamo and for increasing the diilerences of potential applied to i the spark' producing means when said dynamo is operating as a motor.

5; In a system ot electrical'distribution, comprising' in part a storage battery 4composed of a plurality of cells, a dynamo 'electric machine for, ch urging said attery and for operation as a motor thereby, a'spark producing means connected to a given-number of cells when tho dynamo is operating as a generator, and neans for including a gi'eaternumber of cells therewith'when said dynamo is operating as a motor.

6. In a system of electrical distribution comprising a storage battery, a dynamo electric niacliineadaptel for operation as a n1o` tor when connected with the storage battery, an ignition system connected'to receive its current from the st( rage battery, and means' for `increasimg the voltage of the current supplied to the ignitionisystem above its normal operating voltage when the dynamo 'electric machine is `:onnected to the battery Vl NCENT G. APPLE.

In the presence of 'Fonizii BAIN, MARY F. ALL aN.- 

